Biographies
Speaker and Panellist Biographies
Debbie Allen
Debbie (debbie.allen@andiamobiotech.com) was originally trained as an oncologist and molecular biologist in London at the former Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories (now Cancer Research UK) and in antibody engineering at the University of Cologne. Having joined Cambridge Antibody Technology in 1993 and been one of the team of inventors of the human mAb drug HUMIRA®, she moved into business development five years later. Up until 2003, Debbie had direct responsibility for structuring, negotiating and managing multiple strategic alliances at CAT, including technology, intellectual property and product out-licensing; corporate equity; co-development and cross-license agreements.
Over the past seven years, Debbie has developed an independent consultancy, Andiamo Biotech, providing business development support to early stage biotechnology companies. Working together with senior management teams within companies, their investors and their specialist service providers, she directs and supports strategic planning and competitive positioning throughout the deal-making process. Since 2003 she has represented and been retained by around 25 companies using her broad knowledge and understanding of the commercial impact of scientific research on human healthcare.
Professor Richard Begent
Richard Begent MD, FRCP, FRCR, FMedSci (r.begent@ucl.ac.uk) is Head of the Department of Oncology at UCL Cancer Institute and Ronald Raven Professor of Clinical Oncology. He directs the Cancer Research UK Targeting and Imaging Group and has researched antibody-targeted imaging and therapy of cancer since 1977. Encouraged by Greg Winter, he started work on phage-derived antibodies in 1992 with Kerry Chester and administered them to patients in 1994 for imaging of colorectal cancer. Since then the research group have also developed phage-derived antibodies for therapy as components of multi-functional fusion proteins.
Professor Carl A.K. Borrebaeck
Prof. Carl Borrebaeck (Carl.Borrebaeck@rektor.lu.se) is chairman of the Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University and program Director of the Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research - CREATE Health (www.createhealth.lth.se). He received the first chair as professor of Immunotechnology in Scandinavia 1989. His main research interests are cancer proteomics, for early detection and prognosis, and antibody engineering, for the generation of human therapeutic antibodies. He is a permanent member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and deputy vice chancellor of Lund University, with a special responsibility for its innovation system. He received the AKZO Nobel Science Award 2009, for his contributions to cancer proteomics and antibody-based therapy.
Prof. Borrebaeck spent a sabbatical year at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 1996-97 and did his postdoctoral training at the University of California in Davis. He received his Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in 1979. His research has resulted in several spin-out companies, such as BioInvent International, Alligator Bioscience and Immunovia.
Andrew Bradbury, M.B. B.S., Ph.D
Andrew Bradbury (amb@lanl.gov) was trained in medicine at the universities of Oxford and London, and subsequently practiced medicine for five years in the UK. He received his Ph.D. in the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology under the guidance of Dr. Cesar Milstein, after which he spent ten years in Italy: three as a post doc in the CNR Institute of neurobiology, Rome, where he was involved with cloning antibody V regions for use in intra- and inter-cellular immunisation; and seven in Trieste, where he was an assistant professor at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA, Triestse, Italy). He has been a research scientist at Los Alamos National Lab since July 1999.
He has worked in the field of phage display and antibody engineering for twenty years, and has helped organize over forty international congresses and practical courses in this field. He has published over one hundred peer reviewed articles, including a number of reviews and commentaries on phage display.
is present research interests lie in improving phage display technology as well as developing applications related to the human proteome. To this aim he has developed a recombinatorial method to make very large phage antibody libraries, a novel phagemid packaging system, and high throughput selection and screening systems. More recently he is working on modifying fluorescent proteins to create “Fluorobodies” - affinity reagents with intrinsic fluorescence.
Dr David Chiswell OBE
David Chiswell (david.chiswell@googlemail.com) is Chief Executive Officer of Austrian antibiotic developer Nabriva Therapeutics. After a career as a research scientist in both the UK and the US and nine years working in scientific management at Amersham International, David was co-founder of Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT) in 1990. He was responsible for operational management from 1990 to 2002 including as CEO from 1996 to 2002. CAT listed on the London Stock exchange in April 1997 and Nasdaq in June 2001.
Since leaving CAT in March 2002 David has been focusing on the development of early stage biotechnology companies including positions as non-executive Chairman of Sosei Ltd, Arrow Therapeutics Ltd, and Daniolabs Ltd and as a director of Arakis Ltd. David is currently Executive Chairman of Albireo Ltd and is an advisor to Nomura Phase IV ventures. David is a past Chairman of the UK’s BioIndustry association (BIA) and remains on their board. In 2006 he was awarded the OBE by HM Queen for services to the biotechnology industry.
Professor Dr Stefan Dübel
Dr. Stefan Dübel (s.duebel@tu-bs.de) is Full Professor of Biotechnology and Director of the respective department at the Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany (http://www.bbt.tu-bs.de/Biotech). After obtaining his Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg, in 1989 he joined the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) where he co-pioneered in vitro antibody selection technologies, resulting in several key inventions including antibody phage display (e.g. US Patent 5849500) and human antibody libraries with randomised CDRs (e.g. US Patent 5840479). His lab continued to contribute to multiple topics related to human antibody engineering and phage display, e.g. Hyperphage technology (2001), single chain Fab fragments (2006) and targeted human RNases for cancer therapy (2008).
Further contributions were made to the fields of human IgG production, infectious disease research, novel recombinant production systems (e.g. in Bacillus megaterium), high throughput antibody generation, intrabodies and nanobiotechnology. Prof. Dübel serves on boards of scientific journals and as a consultant to biotech and pharma companies. Further, he is initiator of the “Antibody Factory” of the German National Genome Research Network and editor of the three volume “Handbook of Therapeutic Antibodies” and other antibody engineering books.
Dr Markus Enzelberger
Markus Enzelberger (Markus.Enzelberger@morphosys.com) is a chemist by training; he received his PhD from University of Stuttgart on the directed evolution of industrial enzymes. Markus did his postdoctoral studies with Stephen Quake at the California Institute of Technology, where he worked on new microfluidic systems and their application in high throughput screening of biologics, work which he continued at Mycometrx Inc., South San Francisco. Markus has been with Morphosys for nine years, currently holding the position of Vice President R&D, taking responsibility for all partnered antibody discovery projects and technology development.
Dr Hennie Hoogenboom
In the late “pre-phage display” nineteen eighties, Hennie (H.Hoogenboom@home.nl) obtained a degree in Chemical Engineering and a PhD (on an antibody project) at the Universities of Brussels and Leuven, respectively. He arrived in Greg Winter’s laboratory in October 1990 with an EMBO postdoctoral grant just in time to witness and contribute to the start of the phage antibody field. His interest in the display technology and its medical applications led him to work for multiple human antibody companies including Cambridge Antibody Technology Ltd and Dyax Corp, to run his own academic laboratory at Maastricht University for some years, and to co-found two companies, Target Quest BV (acquired by Dyax Corp.) and Merus BV (oligoclonal antibody mixtures) . The last company Hennie worked for was Ablynx NV, where for 3 years he was the CSO, focusing on developing single variable domains from Camelids as therapeutics.
Dr James Huston
Jim (james.huston.boston@gmail.com) earned his Ph.D. with Professor Charles Tanford at Duke University, pursuing the physical biochemistry of immunoglobulin fragments and domains. He did postdoctoral work at Stanford and Harvard Medical Schools. In 1983 he shifted from his academic lab to the new realm of biotechnology, at Creative BioMolecules, beginning research to access the Fv region of antibodies. NCI SBIR Grants (Phase I & II) from 1985 through 1988 led to the first publication on successful engineering of a single-chain Fv and to the invention of single-chain Fv fusion proteins.
Further NCI funding (1990-1995) then allowed a multi-group effort (Lou Houston, Jim Huston, Jim Marks, Walt Stafford, Lou Weiner) to explore the limits of scFv targeting, therapy, and imaging studies in HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer. Jim continued to exploit the scFv as intrabodies (IntraImmune Therapies, 1997-2000) and in the pharma setting (Lexigen & EMD Serono, 2000-2010) where he continued to publish on intrabodies for the treatment of Huntington’s Disease, half life extension of novel fusion proteins (SEEDbodies), and imaging with positron emission tomography. He is currently returning to a biotech-like environment for his antibody engineering research.
Dr Kevin Johnson
Kevin Johnson (kevin@indexventures.com) is a Venture Advisor to Index Ventures and CEO of PanGenetics, an antibody development company based in the Netherlands, and one of the Index Ventures portfolio. Their anti- NGF Mab was recently sold to Abbott Pharmaceuticals. Prior to PanGenetics, he was a Venture Partner at Index Ventures, working out of the London office. Kevin was one of the team at Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT), heading up research from 1994 onwards. In 1997 he was appointed to the Board, where he held the posts of Research Director and Chief Technology Officer. Kevin led both the development of CAT's platform technologies, and also their application to the discovery of a number of human antibodies currently in clinical development, including the first such drug, Humira™ to reach the market. He was also part of the management team that floated CAT on the London Stock Exchange (main market).
Dr Robert Kamen
Bob Kamen (robert.kamen@gmail.com) is a consultant to the biotech and pharmaceutical industry. Most recently, he was president of Abbott Bioresearch Center, Abbott Laboratories’ immunology drug discovery and biologics production unit in Worcester, Massachusetts, and a member of the Abbott Pharmaceuticals Executive Management Committee. During Dr. Kamen’s leadership at BASF/Abbott, the company established the technology platform for Humira™ (adalimumab), the first fully human antibody to achieve marketing approval in the U.S. (and Europe). Currently marketed for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease and psoriasis, Humira was the most rapidly growing U.S. biological drug for the past several years. In 2005, Dr. Kamen co-founded BioAssets Development Corporation, a biotherapeutics company focusing on spinal diseases, where he serves as chairman. In addition, Dr. Kamen is a member of several other biopharmaceutical company boards.
Dr. Kamen has an undergraduate degree in biophysics from Amherst College and a Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular biology from Harvard University.
Dr Bob Ladner
Robert Charles Ladner (bladne@dyax.com) attended Rice University and Caltech where he received BA and PhD degrees in chemistry. He worked under Max Perutz (1974-76) refining the structure of haemoglobin. He spent three years at EMBL learning protein computer graphics and phage biology. He then worked at Harvard (1979-83) and moved on to industry where he invented single-chain antibodies and phage display of proteins. He co-founded Protein Engineering Corporation in 1987. He has worked at Dyax (formed by merging PEC with Biotage) since 1995. Two drugs from phage display have been approved and over 20 are in the clinic. In 2000, he led the construction of the FAB310 semi-synthetic library. In 1991 he led a team that used phage display of Kunitz domains to discover DX-88, an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein. In 2009 this compound was approved for treatment of hereditary angioedema, the first non-antibody discovered by phage display to be approved.
Dr Richard Lerner
Dr Richard A. Lerner’s (foleyral@scripps.edu) 30-year scientific career is particularly significant, not only for his achievements in diverse areas of biomedical research, but for his leadership and vision in directing scientific activities as President of The Scripps Research Institute. His work spans a wide range of discoveries, from unique insights into protein and peptide structure to the recent identification of a sleep-inducing lipid. An accomplishment for which he is perhaps best known is his groundbreaking work in converting antibodies into enzymes.
Dr Lerner graduated from Northwestern University and Stanford Medical School. He interned at Palo Alto Stanford Hospital, and received postdoctoral training at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in experimental pathology. Since 1970, he has held staff appointments at Wistar Institute in Philadelphia and at the Research Institute of Scripps Clinic (renamed The Scripps Research Institute) in La Jolla. He served as Chairman of the Department of Molecular Biology of the Institute from 1982 - 1986, prior to assuming the presidency of the organisation. He has been widely recognised by numerous prestigious societies and organisations in the U.S. and abroad.
Dr Jim Marks
Dr. Marks (marksj@anesthesia.ucsf.edu) is currently the Chief of Anesthesia at San Francisco General Hospital, Professor of Anesthesia at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care at UCSF. Prior to his current post, Dr. Marks was the Medical Director of the Trauma ICU at SFGH. Dr. Marks was an undergraduate at the University of California Berkeley majoring in biochemistry and received his medical degree from UCSF. He received a Ph.D. in molecular biology from the Medical Research Council (MRC) in Cambridge, England.
Dr. Marks is a world recognized pioneer in the fields of antibody and protein engineering and has authored more than 180 publications and more than 100 issued or pending patents. As part of his Ph.D. work at the MRC, he was part of a team that invented the first methods to clone the human humoral immune response using PCR and to make fully human therapeutic antibodies in vitro using phage display. The same group also developed the first methods to increase antibody affinity entirely in vitro using antibody gene diversity libraries and display technologies; techniques that are now widely used to optimize antibody function and activity.
His current research focus is studying how antibody structure and function influence antigen targeting and therapeutic efficacy, and on generating therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies. In the field of oncology, his group has systematically studied the impact of antibody affinity, size and valency on in vivo tumor targeting and developed methods to identify antibodies capable of triggering receptor-mediated endocytosis into tumor cells. Using this approach, his group developed ErbB2-targeted doxorubicin-containing nanoparticles which have been outlicensed and are poised to enter clinical trials in breast cancer. In the field of infectious disease, his group has defined how combinations of antibodies can synergize to potently neutralize bacterial toxins. Under Department of Defense and NIAID funding, they have applied this approach to generate mAb combinations that potently neutralize botulinum neurotoxins. Refined versions of these antibodies are currently being produced under a NIH contract for human clinical trials for treatment of biothreat use of botulinum neurotoxin. In recognition of these scholarly achievements, Dr. Marks was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences in 2006.
Dr John McCafferty
In 1990 John McCafferty (jm635@cam.ac.uk) was one of the founders of Cambridge Antibody Technology (now Medimmune). He originally demonstrated the display of functional antibodies on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage and their isolation by “panning” on immobilised antigen (McCafferty, J., et al (1990) Nature 348 p552-4). This pioneering technology gave rise to HUMIRA®, approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with worldwide sales in 2009 of >$5 billion dollars.
After 12 years at CAT, John established a group at the Sanger Institute developing research methods for protein generation and recombinant antibody isolation in high throughput. He has also promoted the wider use of recombinant antibodies for research and is actively involved in an international collaboration promoting this. John currently runs a laboratory in the Biochemistry Department at University of Cambridge, focused on the study of protein interactions driving cell:cell communication. This work has generated functional antagonist antibodies to receptors of interest in research and medical applications (e.g. Notch and c-Met receptors).
Diane Mellett LLB JD
Diane (dianemellett@fastmail.fm) is an English lawyer and an American lawyer who in private practice advised a number of pharmaceutical companies before joining Cambridge Antibody Technology in 1997 just after their flotation. Diane was a director of CAT plc and Head of the Legal and IP team. Diane’s responsibilities included managing licensing of the IP portfolio and the legal obligations of the Company.
Since leaving CAT after it was acquired by Astra Zeneca, Diane has worked as an independent consultant to a number of Biotech companies advising on IP and Licensing. She is also a governor of the MRCT.
Professor Dr Dario Neri
Born in Rome (Italy) on 1 May 1963, Dario Neri (neri@pharma.ethz.ch) studied Chemistry at the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa. In 1992, he earned his doctorate in Chemistry at the ETH Zurich under the guidance of Professor Kurt Wüthrich, receiving the ETH silver medal for his dissertation. With a EU Bridge Bursary, he spent four years at the Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering, Medical Research Council, where he worked under the supervision of Professor Sir Gregory Winter. Dario Neri has now been a Professor at the ETH Zurich since 1996.
Dario Neri has published over 200 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and is inventor in numerous patents. He is the recipient of the ISOBM Abbott Prize 2000, of the Amgen-Dompe’ Biotec Award 2000, of the Mangia d’Oro 2001, of the Prous Award 2006 of the European Federation of Medicinal Chemistry, of the Robert-Wenner-Prize 2007 of the Swiss Cancer League and of the SWISS BRIDGE Award 2008. In 1996, Dario Neri co-founded Philogen (www.philogen.com), a biotech company with headquarters in Siena (Italy) and in Otelfingen (Switzerland).
Dr Jane Osbourn
Jane (OsbournJ@medimmune.com) joined MedImmune, formerly Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT), in September 1993. Initially working as part of a team building large phage antibody libraries, she then worked within antibody generation teams, subsequently leading the technology development team at CAT, making a significant contribution to CAT's research capabilities and generating several key publications and patents. Since integration with MedImmune in 2007, Jane has led the Research Department at the Cambridge site and is responsible for the antibody generation and scientific direction of a substantial number of therapeutic programs within the MedImmune portfolio. Jane became Site Leader for MedImmune Cambridge in July 2008.
Prior to her time at MedImmune, Jane completed a Ph.D. at the John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research in Norwich, focusing on plant responses to viral infections, followed by a post doctoral position at Rutgers University, New Jersey in plant virology. She then moved into medical research, taking a British Heart Foundation Post Doctoral Fellowship to study the regulation of gene expression in smooth muscle cells at the Department of Medicine at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. Jane obtained a First Class degree in Natural Sciences (Biochemistry) from the University of Cambridge.
Professor Dr Andreas Plückthun
Andreas Plückthun (plueckthun@bioc.uzh.ch) has been a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Zürich, Switzerland since 1993. He studied chemistry at the University of Heidelberg, obtained his Ph.D. in 1982 at the University of California at San Diego, and was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University (1982-85). From 1985 until 1993, he was group leader at the Genzentrum and Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie in Martinsried. He received the Young Investigator's Award of the German Industry Fund, was elected member of EMBO, was awarded the Karl-Heinz-Beckurts-Prize for 2000 (Munich, Germany), finalist in the World Technology Awards 2001 (London, UK), recipient of the JP Morgan Chase Health Award in 2002 (San Jose, USA) and the Wilhelm Exner Medal 2002 (Vienna, Austria), and together with his colleagues, the Swiss Technology Award 2005 (Bern, Switzerland) and the deVigier Award in 2005. In 2003, he was elected member of the German Academy of Science (Leopoldina). He is co-founder Morphosys AG (Martinsried, Germany) and of Molecular Partners AG (Zürich, Switzerland).
Dr Ian Tomlinson
Ian (Ian.M.Tomlinson@gsk.com) is Senior Vice President, Head of Biopharmaceuticals R&D and sits on GSK’s R&D Executive Committee (RADEX). The Biopharmaceuticals R&D Unit was created in 2008 to combine the resources and development expertise of a large pharmaceutical company with the entrepreneurial spirit of a smaller biotech organisation. This brought early research, late-stage biopharm development and CMC expertise into one organisation to drive GSK’s capabilities in biopharmaceuticals.
Ian graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, then spent 11 years at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, initially working on completion of the sequencing and mapping of all human antibody genes, and latterly on engineering recombinant antibodies.
In 2000, together with Greg Winter, he co-founded Domantis Limited to develop an entirely new class of drugs based on the smallest fragments of antibodies, Domain Antibodies, or “dAbs”. As an independent company, Domantis raised $83 million in investment from Peptech Limited, 3i and Novo Nordisk. Domantis hired 80 employees (73 in the UK) and established a state-of-the-art R&D facility before acquisition in 2007 by GSK for $454M, making it one of the largest ever acquisitions of a private biotech company.
Dr Tristan Vaughan
Tristan (VaughanT@medimmune.com) first joined Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT) in 1993. Following the acquisition of CAT by AstraZeneca, he is currently responsible for generating around two thirds of the antibody portfolio for MedImmune, AstraZeneca’s biologics business. His teams utilises the core technologies of phage and ribosome display, as well as in vivo platforms to discover and engineer mAbs and, together with Protein Sciences and High Throughput Screening teams, support four disease areas. Prior to his current appointment, Tristan held key operational responsibilities as part of the successful CAT-AstraZeneca strategic alliance and prior to that for CAT’s Milestone and Royalty based Alliances, including that with Human Genome Sciences that delivered Benylsta®. He also developed the platform technology to build antibody libraries of > 1010 members and was a key member of the team that discovered Humira®. Before joining CAT, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto. Tris is a University of Leeds graduate from the Genetics Department.
Dr Trudi Veldman
Trudi Veldman (trudi.veldman@abbott.com) received her Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry from the Free University in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in 1982. After a brief post-doctoral stint at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London, she moved with other members of the Kamen lab to Genetics Institute in Boston where she spent the next 20 years working on many different projects. Her research ranged from Polyoma virus transcription and replication, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand biology to therapeutic antibody generation. In the mid 1990’s her lab was responsible for the generation of the anti-IL-12p40 antibody, ABT-874, in collaboration with the research group at BASF/Abbott and Cambridge Antibody Technology.
Trudi joined Abbott in 2003 as the Director of Biologics Generation responsible for generation of therapeutic antibodies in the field of immunoscience, neuroscience and pain. In addition, she is the Preclinical Team Leader for ABT-874, which has completed Phase III clinical development for psoriasis.
Dr Thomas von Rüden
Thomas von Rüden (thomas.vonrueden@gmx.de) held the position of Chief Executive Officer at DIREVO Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Cologne, Germany, from April 2006 to April 2010. Prior to becoming the Managing Director at DIREVO Industrial Biotechnology GmbH in March 2009, he was the Chairman of DIREVO’s Advisory Board and worked as President and Chief Executive Officer at DIREVO Biotech AG until the company was acquired by Bayer Schering in September 2008. Beforehand, he spent six years as the CSO and Executive VP of Business Development with MorphoSys AG in Munich. After holding academic positions at the European Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Heidelberg, and the Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, he joined Boehringer Ingelheim in Vienna, where he was appointed Director of Molecular Biology responsible for drug discovery in oncology. He holds several advisory board positions in biotechnology companies and public research organizations.
Dr Diane Wilcock
Diane (wilcock@xoma.com) is UK-born and educated, with an undergraduate degree from Cambridge University and a Ph.D. from the University of London. Following post-doctoral work at Oxford University, she worked in technology transfer for the largest UK cancer charity before moving to Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT) in 1999. In her nine years at CAT, Diane directed the prosecution and defence of the Company’s phage display and therapeutic antibody patent portfolio. She managed numerous opposition proceedings at the European Patent Office and was involved in patent litigation in the US, Germany and the Netherlands as well as CAT’s successful litigation against Abbott relating to HUMIRA™ royalties.
Diane moved to California in 2006 to join a new CAT subsidiary. She took a new position at XOMA in 2008, where her role involves a mix of patent prosecution and licensing. Diane is registered to practice in patent cases before the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Professor Sir Gregory Winter, CBE, FRS, FMedSci, HonFRCP
Sir Gregory Winter (winter@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk) is Deputy Director of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge. He invented techniques to humanise rodent antibodies for use as therapeutics (1986), and later to make fully human antibodies (1991) using combinatorial gene repertoires. His inventions are used in most of the antibody products on the market, including the humanised antibodies Campath-1H, Herceptin, Avastin, Synagis, and the first human antibody (Humira) to be approved by the US FDA.
Sir Gregory is also an entrepreneur. He was a founder of Cambridge Antibody Technology (1989) and Domantis (2000); these companies pioneered the use of antibody repertoire technologies to make fully human antibody therapeutics, based on paired and unpaired variable domains respectively. Cambridge Antibody Technology floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1997 and was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2006, and Domantis was acquired by GSK in 2006 in a private sale. Together with Christian Heinis at the EPFL, Lausanne, he is now trying to develop very small protein mimics based on a covalently-bonded hydrophobic core, and has founded another company, Bicycle Therapeutics. Sir Gregory has won several international prizes, is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and of the Royal Society, and was knighted in 2004 for services to science.
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